A Day Etched In Memory

There are days we will never forget.  Their importance may be personal, professional or personal and professional.  Some of these significant happenings affect us as members of a neighborhood, community, state, country or even larger; on a global level.  We may not have been alive when the events left their mark on history but the impact remains.

I remember as vividly as if it were yesterday sitting in a seventh grade math classroom when the instruction was interrupted by the announcement that President John F. Kennedy had been assassinated.  The seconds of silence in the room before conversations began were deafening.  The details of this tragedy I understand are numerous.

Until reading James Swanson's Chasing Lincoln's Killer (Scholastic, 2009) what I knew of President Abraham Lincoln's assassination was confined to facts from history textbooks.  Adding to my realization of what happened by providing a more concentrated, visual presentation is the newest title in Don Brown's Actual Times series, He Has Shot The President!: April 14, 1865: The Day John Wilkes Booth Killed President Lincoln (Roaring Brook Press).  By beginning his focus on the differing beliefs of the two men, Don Brown creates a scenario filled with tension.

Washington, D. C., April 14, 1865
It was a rare, cheerful day for President Abraham Lincoln.

President Lincoln had cause to feel good; the war with the Confederacy was drawing to a close. His accomplishments in that conflict and bringing freedom to the slaves were monumental.  John Wilkes Booth felt very differently.  He saw President Lincoln as a destroyer of all he held dear.

The President and his wife planned to attend a play at Ford's Theater in the evening.  John Wilkes Booth heard this mentioned when he, an actor of some renown, was at the theater that day.  For quite some time Booth and a group of people, who championed similar positions as him, had planned to kidnap President Lincoln.  With the loss of the war, kidnapping changed to murder.  That evening was the perfect opportunity.

Specific plans were put into place by Booth and his companions; an escalation of those to be killed, making sure all was in place at the president's box and the escape. Harry Ford, theater owner, was also getting the special box ready for the president's visit.  Booth's arrival and subsequent actions are carefully chronicled until he left the premises after shooting President Lincoln.

In another part of the city, Lewis Powell, attempted to carry out his murderous intentions against Secretary of State William Seward.  George Atzerodt lost his sobriety at the hotel bar; Vice President Andrew Johnson was thus unharmed. Under doctors' care with soldiers' assistance the President was removed from the theater to Petersen House across the street as John Wilkes Booth rode away from the city on his horse.  Per the scheme he met with David Herold, his would be guide to safety in the South. (Herold ran from the scene of William Seward's attempted murder.)

From Lincoln's bed with the gathered crowd to Dr. Samuel Mudd's home where Booth and Herold stopped to seek help for Booth's injury to the woods where they waited to cross the Potomac and back to Washington, D. C. where tempers boiled over and the manhunt for Booth and his conspirators expanded, the action never lessened.  Abraham Lincoln's body journeyed the miles from the capital city to Springfield.  A botched river crossing, a successful fording of another river, finding refuge with an unsuspecting family and riding cavalrymen, sealed the fate of the two fleeing justice for their deeds.

From page one this recounting of those historical facts is solidly captivating.  Don Brown creates a flowing blend of narration, explicit details and quotes making the reader feel as though this might have happened yesterday not nearly one hundred fifty years ago.  We know what happened on April 14, 1865 and after but Brown gives us different perspectives.  He takes us into the theater box, the bedroom of Petersen House, the Potomac River, the streets of Washington, D. C., the tobacco shed at Garrett's farm and the Booth family plot in Maryland.  Unless you are a scholar, as surely Brown must be, you will leave the reading of this book knowing at least one new piece of information.  Here is an example of his writing.

He led them to a small boat on the Potomac River and gave them directions to a creek in Virginia on the opposite shore.
"Mrs. Quesenberry lives near the mouth of this creek.  If you tell her you come from me I think she will take care of you," Jones said, pushing the boat into the current of the black river.
But the dark water and moonless night proved too unsettling for Booth, and even using the compass he carried, they veered off course.  


Using a muted color palette of blue, gray, brown, purple, some green and black, Don Brown expertly depicts the mood surrounding this date with his watercolor paintings.  The formal title page, on the right, is a representation of the dust jacket and book case done in black and white like a newspaper with Booth on the left page, gun in hand, looking out at the reader proclaiming,

I do not repent the blow I struck.

A single page and double page illustration introduce the book.

Throughout pictures are altered in size to compliment the information contained in the text.  Opposite the explanation of Booth's gang are pictures of four members standing together with their names beneath them.  Two pages are devoted to the street outside the theater as President Lincoln, his wife, Major Henry Rathbone and Carla Harris arrive.  It is a calm, normal scene in sharp contrast to the next two smaller visuals showing a bird's eye view of buildings and Booth sneaking up to the President's theater box. John Wilkes Booth standing behind the President and his wife just before the shooting is haunting and chilling.  Several other illustrations afford readers to view the happenings honestly; Brown not avoiding the grave nature.


Written and illustrated by Don Brown, He Has Shot The President!: April 14, 1865: The Day John Wilkes Booth Killed President Lincoln is a definite must read for older readers.  With a book length of sixty-four pages it supplies a gripping timeline with crisp clear writing and convincing illustrations.  Don Brown has a gift for breathing life into history.

Please follow the link to his official website embedded in his name.  This link to the publisher's website gives you a glimpse at several illustrations from the book. Other titles in the series are:
Let It Begin Here!: April 19, 1775: The Day The American Revolution Began; All Stations! Distress!: April 15, 1912: The Day The Titanic Sank; Gold! Gold From The American River!: January 24, 1818: The Day The Gold Rush Began; and America Is Under Attack: September 11, 2001: The Day The Towers Fell. 

This is another fantastic Wednesday participating in the 2014 Nonfiction Picture Book Challenge hosted by Alyson Beecher at Kid Lit Frenzy.

A Single Speck

It could have happened yesterday; the memory is so vivid.  Snuggled in bed in the winter of 1998 at the end of the day, I opened the cover of the current Newbery Award Medal book, Out of the Dust (Scholastic, 1997) by Karen Hesse. Having no preconceptions about the title, I was startled by the narrative structure.  It was the first novel in verse I can remember reading.  Captivated beyond belief, I was there with the characters during the Dust Bowl, learning more about this significant time in United States history than any textbook or class had ever taught me... until now.

This year another stellar title, The Great American Dust Bowl (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, October, 2013) by author/illustrator Don Brown was released.  Using the graphic novel format, we are privy to the causes of and conditions during this event which impacted our country for almost ten years.  This mesmerizing accounting will change the way you think about the Dust Bowl.

A speck of dust is a tiny thing.
Five of them could fit on the period
at the end of this sentence.

These two sentences sit in the middle of a pictured dust storm, birds and rabbits fleeing as a man exclaims:

Oh my God!
Here it comes!

Don Brown goes on to explain what occurred on April 14, 1935 using it as an introduction to the book and the next fourteen pages.  In these pages with meticulous intent, he covers the formation of the land, the Great Plains, the life of the Native Americans, the bison who were an inherent part of their lives, the arrival of the settlers and their attempts at raising cattle and farming wheat and the arrival of the drought in 1931.

As the days without rain or little rain stretched into months, wild storms visited the people and the land.  Fourteen such storms were documented in 1932.  Can you even imagine a dust cloud twenty times higher than the Washington Monument?

So much dirt was in the air when any rain did fall it was filled with mud balls capable of denting cars, snow looked like it was chocolate covered and dust storms would be so thick, even with artificial light, sight was limited.  People outside would become lost and suffocate.  One of the more unique facts is the air would be filled with electricity causing all kinds of havoc and weird phenomenon.

Regardless of people's efforts, dust seeped into every nook and cranny whether it was storming or not.  Attic floors, room ceilings, bowed under the weight.  Animals and people became ill and died from the dust in their respiratory systems.

In case you think this impacted only portions of the states of New Mexico, Colorado, Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas, think again.  In 1934 a storm was so massive it reached all the way east to the Atlantic Ocean.  Extreme temperatures, increased bug populations, rabbit problems and snakes hanging on fences were part and parcel of these years where only the strongest survived.

Don Brown circles back to the beginning date of April 14, 1935 recounting all the horrific details of that day for sixteen pages.  In the final panels we see how the government stepped in to help people prepare for future storms by planting trees and grass as well as teaching them how to farm, planting crops that would not deplete the land.  Closing thoughts leave readers with points to ponder.  Can we learn from history?  Can we prevent it from repeating itself?


Several techniques make this narrative compelling.  Rather than a listing of facts sentence after sentence, Don Brown as he did earlier this year with Henry and the Cannons, places those pieces of information among deliberately chosen words and phrases.  He makes us feel as if this is a segment on the nightly news rather than seventy years old.  He uses easily identified comparisons so readers can gain perspective.  Interspersed in his depictions are speech bubbles from the people in his illustrations, uttering actual documented observations.  Here is an example.

My horse...his eyes would water and his nose would water, and I'd wipe his eyes. It'd just be a lot of mud in the palm of my hands. I'd dig it out of his nostrils.


Rendered in pen and ink with digital paint, the illustrations adhere to a color palette, for the most part, of golds and browns.  Brown features the epic storm of April 14, 1935 on the front jacket and cover, extending the dust cloud to the back, framing people digging out from it.  Every page turn is a study in layout and design.

Text might be set within an illustration or placed in a separate element.  Passage of time is portrayed in a series of panels of varying sizes depending on the narrative.  Items may appear within frames or outside them.  Everything has been placed on a page with care.  While there is not a great amount of detail on the people's faces we are well aware of their emotional moods; body stance is critical. One of my favorite three panels, across two pages, is of the change from rain to drought highlighting a single farmer's perceptions.


Whether used in conjunction with a lesson in the classroom or as an outstanding historical nonfiction title, The Great Dust Bowl written and illustrated by Don Brown can be appreciated by any reader at nearly any age.  A selected bibliography and source notes at the end leave no doubt in a reader's mind as to the authenticity of this book.  That's what makes this title special---it holds you in its grasp as if it is fiction.  One copy will not be enough for your library; plan on more.  Please follow the link embedded in Don Brown's name to access his official website.

For The Good Of The Cause...

For several hours this week I spoke with our sixth grade students about the importance of biographies and autobiographies.  When you peer into the lives of these people you gain a truer comprehension of the impact of opportunities taken, determination to make changes and persistence in following a goal or dream.  The ultimate question is, did this person, in touching a single life or many, change the course of history and on what scale; family, community, nation, world?

When an author/illustrator focuses on a specific time period from the past, zooming out to give us a broader, more in-depth picture beyond dates, places and peoples' names, it's much easier to create a picture in your head of what actually happened.  Don Brown's new title, Henry and the Cannons: An Extraordinary True Story of the American Revolution (Roaring Brook Press), does this and does it very well.  He has taken what might have been a sentence or two from a textbook and given us a story to remember.


It was the winter of 1775.
The American Revolution had begun, and things weren't going well for the Patriots of Boston, Massachusetts.

The British Army had control of Boston, as General George Washington and his troops looked down from the hills outside the city.  What they needed were those British cannons recovered by Colonel Benedict Arnold at Fort Ticonderoga, New York in May.  How to get them over 300 miles of rugged terrain was a huge problem in 1775.

Although a bookseller by trade, the mind of Henry Knox was wired for military strategy, maneuvers, and fortifications.  His skills had not gone unnoticed.  When he told General Washington he could bring those cannons to Boston, he was ordered to do so.

It's hard to imagine riding on horseback for forty miles a day in the dead of winter but Henry did it.  It's hard to imagine the selection of fifty-nine cannons weighing 120,000 pounds, hauled to Lake George, loaded on to three boats and over ten days time in horrendous weather conditions, taken to the other end of the lake, but Henry and his men did it. It's hard to imagine moving those cannons by forty-two sleds drawn by oxen and horses but Henry, his men, and local Patriots did it.


What raises this book above a mere factual accounting are the added details, gleaned from research, provided by Don Brown's gifted use of language.

That night, Henry and his tired men found shelter with Native Americans. Henry declared their food "relishing."

 Brown's word choices provide an experience of the senses; heaved the cannons, ropes water-soaked and slick, muscles and breath burned.

 He uses repetition to increase tension; ...watched British soldiers in their bright red uniforms marching Boston's streets, eating Boston's food, and sleeping in Boston's beds.  


The first illustrations readers see on the front and back jacket and beckon, seize and pull them right into the book. It's hard to resist the bold, bright red lettering on Cannons with flames shooting forth from the mouth of another.  With two page turns they're looking at a map of Henry Knox's journey between Fort Ticonderoga and Boston wrapped around the title verso.

There is a coolness to the color palette, shades of browns, blues and grays, indicative of the winter months and the current state of affairs in Boston; appropriately shifting in brightness and more color for the last three visuals.  Rendered in watercolor the pictures convey, without intricate detail, movement and mood through the use of perspective, layout, layers and shading.  Brown carefully alters the illustration sizes to pair with the text's pacing; two page, a single page, panels, insets all surrounded by narrow frames of white with a thin gray line.  Very cleverly ( in one of my favorite illustrations) he breaks a single visual into three panels to show the changing weather as Henry rides to Fort Ticonderoga.

Clearly Henry and the Cannons: An Extraordinary True Story of the American Revolution by Don Brown illuminates the exploits of a single individual who made the impossible happen; definitely a game changer for the cause of the Patriots. Brown provides a bibliography of resources at the close of the book.  To view his official author website follow the link embedded in his name.  Several years ago he was interviewed at Seven Impossible Things Before Breakfast.  Follow this link to the publisher website to view additional illustrations from the book (including my favorite).